Comparative Anatomy of the External and Middle Ear of Palaeognathous Birds

von J. Matthias Starck

148 Seiten, Taschenbuch

Kurzbeschreibung des Verlags

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Objectives of this Study.- 1.2 Literature Review.- 1.3 Theoretical Concepts: Questions and "Answers".- 1.4 Basic Functional Concepts of the Avian Middle Ear: The Transfer Function.- 1.5 Evolutionary History of Middle Ear Structures.- 2 Materials and Methods.- 2.1 Species List.- 2.2 Macroscopic Dissections.- 2.3 X-Ray Computed Tomography.- 2.4 Morphometry.- 2.5 Microscopic Investigations.- 2.6 Nomenclature, Synonyms, and Abbreviations.- 3 Results.- 3.1 Species Biology.- 3.2 External Ear Opening: Position, Ear Covers, Form, and Width of Opening.- 3.3 External Auditory Meatus (Meatus acusticus externus): Position and Course, Bordering Structures, and Relation to Fascia and Muscles.- 3.4 Osteology of the Tympanic Region.- 3.5 Tympanic membrane (Membrana tympanica): Position, Orientation, Fixation, and Histology.- 3.6 Tympanic Recesses and Pneumatization of the Neurocranium.- 3.7 Siphonium and Pneumatization of the Mandible and the Quadrate Bone.- 3.8 Pharyngotympanic Tube.- 3.9 Arthrology of the Quadrate Bone.- 3.10 Columella: Stapes and Extracolumella.- 3.11 Ligaments of the Middle Ear.- 3.12 Muscles of the Middle Ear.- 3.13 Nerves.- 3.14 Paratympanic Organ.- 3.15 Arteries.- 4 Discussion.- 4.1 Towards a Functional Analysis of the Avian Middle Ear.- 4.2 Phylogenetic Implications.- 5 Summary.- 6 References.- 7 Subject Index.- 8 List of Abbreviations and Synonyms Used in Avian Middle Ear Studies.

• Reihe: Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology
• Themen: Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften Biologie, Biowissenschaften Zoologie und Tierwissenschaften
• ISBN: 9783540589914
• Sprache: Englisch
• Erscheinungsdatum: 18.07.1995
• Größe: 235 x 155 mm
• Verlag: Springer