Red Sticks Rising

Menawa, Big Warrior, and the Native Civil War That Burned Fort Mims and Made Andrew Jackson

von Jonathan Hayes

286 Seiten, Taschenbuch

Kurzbeschreibung des Verlags

In August 1813, Red Stick warriors overran Fort Mims in a single afternoon, leaving hundreds dead. The United States turned a Native civil war into a conquest of land from allies and enemies alike.

American roads, trade debts and pressure to remake Muscogee life had deepened divisions inside the Creek nation. U.S. officials strengthened a central council that could enforce American demands across the towns.

In 1811, Tecumseh came south urging the Muscogee to yield no more land and admit no more American roads. His vision of Native resistance offered a way to fight the changes overtaking their country.

Big Warrior, speaker of the Upper Towns, believed the nation's treaties with the United States offered a way to survive. The Red Sticks fought to defend their land, beliefs and independence. They sought to drive out American influence and overthrow the chiefs who upheld it.

After the council executed eleven of its own people on an American agent's demand, reprisals spread. The United States entered the conflict it had helped inflame, using Native alliances and military force to turn civil war into conquest.

Hunger and mutiny threatened to break Andrew Jackson's army. At Horseshoe Bend, Menawa defended his people behind a wall of logs while fellow Muscogee helped the Americans attack.

At the Treaty of Fort Jackson, the United States demanded more than twenty million acres from allies and enemies alike. Men who had helped Jackson win his war now had to argue for the land they thought their service would protect.

Drawing on contemporary letters, military reports, chiefs' talks, and later participant accounts, Red Sticks Rising is a vivid narrative history of the Creek War of 1813-1814. The second book in Forgotten Wars of American Expansion, it is a complete, standalone account of the leaders, soldiers and families caught in a struggle over the future of the American South.

For the Creek leaders who fought beside Jackson, victory was supposed to protect their homeland. The nation that fought for America lost its country anyway.

• Reihe: Independently published
• ISBN: 9798174469778
• Sprache: Englisch
• Erscheinungsdatum: 15.09.2026
• Größe: 229 x 152 mm
• Verlag: Independently published